{"id":10110,"date":"2025-05-30T09:31:29","date_gmt":"2025-05-30T09:31:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/azelhukuk.com\/?p=10110"},"modified":"2025-07-11T09:16:50","modified_gmt":"2025-07-11T09:16:50","slug":"reduction-of-inheritance-shares-lawsuit-heirs-with-reserved-shares","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/azelhukuk.com\/en\/tenkis-davasi-mirasta-sakli-pay-sahibi-mirascilar\/","title":{"rendered":"What is a Reduction Lawsuit? Who are the Heirs with a Reserved Share in an Inheritance?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"10110\" class=\"elementor elementor-10110\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a4282a8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a4282a8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2fd17df\" data-id=\"2fd17df\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1889b8a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1889b8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>An action for reduction is a type of lawsuit filed in cases where certain dispositions made by the de cujus during their lifetime or by a will violate the legal rights of heirs with a reserved share in the inheritance. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mevzuat.gov.tr\/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=4721&amp;MevzuatTur=1&amp;MevzuatTertip=5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Turkish Civil Code<\/a>\u2019This lawsuit, governed by Articles 560 et seq. of the Turkish Civil Code (TMK), aims to remedy the violation of the reserved portion and ensure that the heir receives their rightful share.<\/p><h2><b>Legal Nature of the Action for the Removal of Interference<\/b><\/h2><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An action for reduction, a <\/span>probate lawsuit<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It is in the nature of. That is to say, it is aimed for the heir to obtain their right by having the dispositions made by the deceased reduced at certain rates. For this reason, Court of Cassation practices have also evaluated the reduction lawsuit directly as an action for performance (Code of Civil Procedure art. 105).<\/span><\/p><h3><b>Reserved Share in Inheritance and Who Are the Forced Heirs?<\/b><\/h3><p>The reserved portion (statutory share) is the share of the inheritance over which the testator cannot freely dispose.<\/p><p>Reserved share heirs:<\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Issue (children, grandchildren): 1\/2 of the statutory inheritance share is the forced portion.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mother and father: 1\/4 of the statutory inheritance share.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Surviving spouse: depending on the circumstances, the entire statutory inheritance share or three-quarters of it is determined as the reserved portion.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p>Brothers<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span>cousins<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ve <\/span>third-degree heirs<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is not a reserved portion heir.<\/span><\/p><h3><b>Conditions of the Reduction Action<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under Article 560 of the Turkish Civil Code (TMK), the bringing of an action for reduction requires the existence of two conditions:<\/span><\/p><ol><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The testator exceeding their disposable portion through inter vivos or post-mortem dispositions,<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The reserved portion heir suffering loss for this reason.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When determining the value of the estate:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Debts and expenses (funeral costs, sealing, maintenance expenses) are calculated without being included in the estate.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dispositions subject to balancing and reduction, along with certain donations (e.g. life insurance), are added back to the estate.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h3><b>Bringing Prosperity to Tenkis<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Travel perks for the official:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">of dispositions upon death<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the whole thing,<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">From inter-branch transfers<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> only those listed in Article 561 of the TMK:<\/span><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Donations made in lieu of an inheritance share,<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exceptional trousseau and start-up capital,<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Waiver agreements regarding the liquidation of inheritance rights,<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Donations made within the year before death.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><h3><b>Dispositions Without Tax Concession<\/b><\/h3><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Customary gifts given on occasions (e.g. wedding gifts),<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The fulfilment of moral duties,<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Donations made more than a year ago (unless the testator has expressly reserved the right of revocation),<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transfers made to a spouse pursuant to property regime provisions.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h3><b>Parties and Competent Court in Reduction Lawsuits<\/b><\/h3><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Claimant:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Reserved share heirs, under certain conditions, the creditors of these persons or bankruptcy administrations.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Defendant:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Beneficiaries.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Competent Court:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Court of First Instance.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Jurisdiction:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It is the court of the deceased's last place of residence. (CCP art. 11)<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h3><b>Time Limit for Filing an Action for Reduction (Statute of Limitations)<\/b><\/h3><p>Turkish Civil Code art. 571<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> pursuant to:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">from the date of learning that the reserved portion has been infringed <\/span><b>1 year<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">from the date of opening in wills, and from the opening of the inheritance in other dispositions <\/span><b>10 years<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the right of action is extinguished by the lapse of time.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These periods <\/span><b>limitation period<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is of the nature of.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h3><b>Annulment of a Will and Reduction Action<\/b><\/h3><p>If dispositions made by a will violate the reserved portion, an action for reduction can be brought directly, either together with the annulment of the will or without annulment. Not the entire will, but only the part exceeding the reserved portion is reduced.<\/p><h3><b>Right of Plea of Reduction<\/b><\/h3><p>Reserved share heirs, in order to prevent the performance of dispositions subject to reduction, <a href=\"https:\/\/mertkorayaslanbas.av.tr\/blog-detay\/tenkis-davasi\/324#:~:text=Def%E2%80%99i%2C%C2%A0bor%C3%A7luya%20tan%C4%B1nm%C4%B1%C5%9F,da%20ileri%20s%C3%BCrebilirler.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plea of weather<\/a> can put forward. However, the plea can only be used before performance takes place. Otherwise, a reduction lawsuit must be filed.<\/p><h3><b>Tenki Method<\/b><\/h3><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In accordance with Article 570 of the Turkish Civil Code (TMK):<\/span><\/p><ol><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">First, dispositions upon death,<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If that's not enough, transfer payments between reserves (from the newest date to the oldest),<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recent public donations are subject to reduction.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><h3><b>Liability for Restitution and Malicious Beneficiaries<\/b><\/h3><p>SCC s.995<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> where necessary:<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Well-meaning individuals<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, only returns what is left in their hand.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Malicious individuals<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, is liable to return all earnings and products.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h3>What is the difference between an action for reduction and an action for asset smuggling from inheritance (collusion of the ancestor)?<\/h3><p>With a reduction action <a href=\"https:\/\/azelhukuk.com\/en\/what-is-a-lawsuit-for-the-annulment-of-title-deed-due-to-hidden-transfer-of-inheritance-muris-muvazaasi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">claim for deprivation of inheritance through fraudulent transfer of property<\/a>, are two different legal remedies aimed at protecting the reserved portions of heirs. While a reduction action (tenkis davas\u0131) is filed when the deceased's outright donations impair the reserved portion, a collusive transaction by the deceased (muris muvazaas\u0131) action is filed when the deceased disguises a gift as a sale and evades inheritance from the heirs. Both actions aim to remedy the victimisation of the heirs, but their legal grounds and consequences differ. In practice, these actions may sometimes be brought in a complementary manner.<\/p><h2><b>Result<\/b><\/h2><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The reduction lawsuit is of great importance in terms of ensuring fair sharing in inheritance. The protection of the legal rights of compulsory heirs is possible both through a lawsuit and a defence. However, since these rights are subject to limitation periods, heirs must act carefully from the opening of the inheritance and, if necessary, <a href=\"https:\/\/azelhukuk.com\/en\/services\/probate-lawyer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">professional legal support<\/a> should take.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8195037 elementor-widget elementor-widget-rt-cta\" data-id=\"8195037\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"rt-cta.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\n<!--=====================================-->\n<!--=     Call To Action Area Start     =-->\n<!--=====================================-->\n<section class=\"call-to-action-wrap-layout1 has-animation\">\n        <div class=\"animated-figure\">\n        <div class=\"translate-right-50 transition-100 opacity-animation transition-delay-100\">\n            <img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/azelhukuk.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/1-3.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" \/>        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n        <div class=\"row\">\n        <div class=\"col-lg-8 col-12\">\n                        <div class=\"call-to-action-box-layout1\">\n                <h2 class=\"item-title\">For a fair, reliable and effective service...<\/h2>\n            <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n        <div class=\"col-lg-4 col-12 d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center justify-content-lg-end\">\n                        <div class=\"call-to-action-box-layout1\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/azelhukuk.com\/en\/contact\/\" class=\"btn-fill\">Contact us!<\/a>\n            <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tenkis davas\u0131, miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda veya vasiyetnameyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 kazand\u0131rmalar\u0131n, mirasta sakl\u0131 pay sahibi miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n yasal haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etmesi durumunda a\u00e7\u0131lan bir dava t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun (TMK) 560 ve devam\u0131 maddelerinde d\u00fczenlenen bu dava ile sakl\u0131 paya y\u00f6nelik ihlalin giderilmesi ve miras\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n hakk\u0131 olan pay\u0131 almas\u0131 ama\u00e7lan\u0131r. Tenkis Davas\u0131n\u0131n Hukuki Niteli\u011fi Tenkis davas\u0131, bir&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10112,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10110","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-miras","aeen-post-thumb"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tenkis Davas\u0131 Nedir? Mirasta Sakl\u0131 Pay Sahibi Miras\u00e7\u0131lar Kimlerdir?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tenkis davas\u0131 nedir? 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